Description of the test
The brain and spinal cord make up the central nervous system which allows us to think, move, see, hear, touch, taste, and speak. Surrounding the brain and spinal cord is a fluid called cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) that cushions and nourishes these areas. The spinal tap test provides information about this fluid and the areas it surrounds. The test also measures the pressure of this fluid. Changes in the contents or pressure of this fluid may indicate a health problem in the brain or spinal cord.
Testing of cerebrospinal fluid takes place in a hospital or at your doctor's office. Your doctor or another health care professional will remove the fluid with a needle.
The needle for this spinal tap is inserted into the spine between the vertebrae allowing cerebrospinal fluid to leak out.
How often should this test be performed?
Your doctor will decide when and how frequently this test is required to provide medical information.
Why is this test performed?
Infections of the brain and surrounding tissue are very serious health concerns. A spinal tap is a useful tool to determine if an infection exists (e.g., meningitis). Other possible reasons for a spinal tap include looking for evidence of neurological disorders or spinal damage.
Are there any risks and precautions I should know about?
Testing the spinal fluid involves several potential risks. These risks include:
- nerve or brain damage
- bleeding in the spinal column
- damage to the spinal column
- infection
- allergic reactions to the anesthetic (the medication used to numb the area where the needle is inserted)
A headache lasting more than one or two days after the test may be a sign that CSF is leaking out of your spinal canal. See your doctor immediately if this happens. This type of leak may close on its own with rest, or with an injection of your own blood that will seal the leaking area.
Other problems related to changes in pressure inside the spinal canal and brain may occur.
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